{"id":27,"date":"2026-10-19T06:45:22","date_gmt":"2026-10-19T06:45:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/35-237-228-111.nip.io\/?page_id=27"},"modified":"2026-11-04T01:32:52","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T01:32:52","slug":"international-trade-litigation-florida","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.lawayala.com\/resources\/international-trade-litigation-florida\/","title":{"rendered":"International Trade Litigation in Florida | Ayala Law PA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull is-dark chg-hero\" style=\"min-height:460px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-60 has-background-dim wp-block-cover__gradient-background has-background-gradient\" style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(32,36,46,1) 0%,rgba(32,36,46,1) 55%,rgba(32,36,46,0.7) 100%)\"><\/span><img class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-24\" alt=\"A sealed shipping container with numbered customs seal tags and a tablet showing a bill of lading, beside a dockside rail spur under a gantry crane at dusk.\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lawayala.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/a-sealed-shipping-container-with-numbered-customs-seal-tags-photo.jpg\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lawayala.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/a-sealed-shipping-container-with-numbered-customs-seal-tags-photo-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.lawayala.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/a-sealed-shipping-container-with-numbered-customs-seal-tags-photo-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.lawayala.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/a-sealed-shipping-container-with-numbered-customs-seal-tags-photo-768x429.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.lawayala.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/a-sealed-shipping-container-with-numbered-customs-seal-tags-photo-1024x572.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.lawayala.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/a-sealed-shipping-container-with-numbered-customs-seal-tags-photo.jpg 1376w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 825px) 825px, 100vw\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\"\/><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"chg-eyebrow has-base-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"text-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6),0 0 18px rgba(0,0,0,0.35)\">International Trade Litigation | Tampa Bay and Hillsborough County<\/p><h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-base-color has-text-color\" style=\"text-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6),0 0 18px rgba(0,0,0,0.35)\">Resolving Cross-Border Business Disputes in Florida Courts and Arbitration<\/h1><p class=\"has-base-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(0.875rem, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 0.625), 1.25rem);text-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6),0 0 18px rgba(0,0,0,0.35)\">Ayala Law PA focuses on international trade litigation for businesses and entrepreneurs facing unpaid foreign invoices, broken distribution agreements, and disputed cross-border shipments and payments.<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\"><div class=\"wp-block-button chg-cta chg-cta-call\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"tel:+13055702208\">Contact Ayala Law PA to Discuss Your Dispute<\/a><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-button chg-cta chg-cta-form\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawayala.com\/contact\/\">Contact Ayala Law PA to Discuss Your Dispute<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:0.85rem;color:#6b7280;margin-bottom:1.5rem\">By Eduardo A. Maura \u00b7 Published October 19, 2026<\/p>\n\n<article lang=\"en\">\n\n<h2>International Trade Litigation in Florida<\/h2>\n<p>International trade litigation is a legal fight over a business deal that crosses a border. It usually involves unpaid invoices, broken supply or distribution contracts, or goods that don&#8217;t match the order. In Florida, these disputes can land in state court, federal court or arbitration, and the contract often decides which one.<\/p>\n<p>Ayala Law PA focuses on business litigation, including commercial, contract, shareholder, construction and real estate disputes, along with international trade litigation. Eduardo A. Maura is the responsible lawyer. The firm&#8217;s only office is at 1646 W Snow Ave, Tampa, Florida. The firm serves businesses in Tampa Bay and Hillsborough County from its Tampa office.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"cta-dose-mid wp-block-group has-contrast-color has-surface-background-color has-text-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-32197852 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--surface,#f2f3f5);color:var(--wp--preset--color--contrast,#22252b);border-radius:8px;padding-top:1.5rem;padding-bottom:1.5rem;padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem;border-left:6px solid var(--wp--preset--color--cta,currentColor);box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.18)\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If a foreign buyer has stopped paying or a cross-border contract has broken down, you may have a claim worth reviewing. Reach out to Ayala Law PA to talk through your dispute. Talk it through with our team &#8212; we can walk you through how a situation like yours is usually handled and what your options are.<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\"><div class=\"wp-block-button chg-cta-call\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"tel:+13055702208\">Schedule a consultation<\/a><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-button chg-cta-form\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawayala.com\/contact\/\">Schedule a consultation<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lawayala.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/international-trade-litigation-florida-ayala-law-pa-the-afte-photo.jpg\" alt=\"International Trade Litigation Florida | Ayala Law PA. the aftermath of a highway guardrail collision at dusk, with a flattened guardrail section, fresh skid marks on the asphalt, and a single yellow evidence marker on the shoulder\" style=\"border-radius:8px;width:100%;aspect-ratio:16\/9;object-fit:cover\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2>What is international trade litigation?<\/h2>\n<p>International trade litigation is a dispute over a commercial deal that involves a party or payment outside the United States, or goods that move across a border. The claims look a lot like domestic contract claims. The difference is that foreign parties, foreign payment terms and cross-border shipping add extra questions.<\/p>\n<p>Common examples include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A foreign buyer that refuses to pay an invoice for goods it received.<\/li>\n<li>A distribution or agency agreement that one side ends early.<\/li>\n<li>A seller and buyer who disagree about quality, quantity or delivery.<\/li>\n<li>Disputes over letters of credit and other payment instruments.<\/li>\n<li>Customs and tariff disagreements that affect the price or terms of a deal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Each of these starts with the contract. The written terms, the forum clause and the choice-of-law clause often shape the whole case.<\/p>\n<h2>Which forum hears a cross-border dispute?<\/h2>\n<p>A cross-border dispute usually goes to one of three places: a Florida state court, a federal district court, or an arbitrator. The contract and the parties&#8217; locations determine which path is available.<\/p>\n<h3>Florida state courts and where a case is filed<\/h3>\n<p>Florida has a venue rule that limits where many cases can be filed. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&amp;URL=0000-0099\/0047\/Sections\/0047.011.html\">Fla. Stat. \u00a7 47.011<\/a> says actions shall be brought only in the county where the defendant resides, where the cause of action accrued, or where the property in litigation is located. The statute states that it does not apply to actions against nonresidents.<\/p>\n<p>Florida courts also have reach over out-of-state businesses. Under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&amp;URL=0000-0099\/0048\/Sections\/0048.193.html\">Fla. Stat. \u00a7 48.193<\/a>, a person who operates or conducts a business in Florida can be subject to Florida&#8217;s courts for claims arising from that business. The same statute covers a party that breaches a contract in Florida by failing to perform acts the contract requires in Florida. A defendant with substantial and not isolated activity in Florida can also be subject to Florida&#8217;s courts.<\/p>\n<h3>Federal court and arbitration<\/h3>\n<p>Federal law gives parties tools to move a dispute into arbitration. A party aggrieved by the alleged failure, neglect, or refusal of another to arbitrate under a written agreement for arbitration may petition any United States district court which, save for such agreement, would have jurisdiction under title 28, in a civil action or in admiralty of the subject matter of a suit arising out of the controversy between the parties, for an order directing that such arbitration proceed in the manner provided for in such agreement, as set out in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/9\/4\">Section 4 of the Federal Arbitration Act<\/a>. Five days&#8217; written notice of that application must be served on the party in default.<\/p>\n<p>Under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/9\/3\">federal arbitration law<\/a>, when a suit is brought in a court of the United States on an issue referable to arbitration under a written arbitration agreement, the court, once satisfied that the issue is referable to arbitration under that agreement, shall on application of one of the parties stay the trial of the action until the arbitration has been had in accordance with the agreement&#8217;s terms, provided the party applying for the stay is not in default in proceeding with the arbitration. The court must be satisfied that the issue falls under a written arbitration agreement. The party asking for the stay must not be in default in proceeding with the arbitration.<\/p>\n<h2>How are arbitration clauses enforced?<\/h2>\n<p>A written arbitration clause is generally valid and enforceable. Under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/9\/2\">Section 2 of the Federal Arbitration Act<\/a>, a written provision in any maritime transaction or a contract evidencing a transaction involving commerce to settle by arbitration a controversy thereafter arising out of such contract or transaction, or the refusal to perform the whole or any part thereof, or an agreement in writing to submit to arbitration an existing controversy arising out of such a contract, transaction, or refusal, shall be valid, irrevocable, and enforceable, save upon such grounds as exist at law or in equity for the revocation of any contract or as otherwise provided in chapter 4. The exception is grounds that exist at law or in equity to revoke any contract.<\/p>\n<p>Florida follows a similar rule. Under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&amp;URL=0600-0699\/0682\/Sections\/0682.02.html\">Fla. Stat. \u00a7 682.02<\/a>, an agreement in a record to submit controversies to arbitration is valid, enforceable and irrevocable. Under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&amp;URL=0600-0699\/0682\/Sections\/0682.02.html\">Fla. Stat. \u00a7 682.02<\/a>, an agreement contained in a record to submit to arbitration any existing or subsequent controversy arising between the parties to the agreement is valid, enforceable, and irrevocable, except upon a ground that exists at law or in equity for the revocation of a contract.<\/p>\n<p>The statute also splits the work between judge and arbitrator. The court decides whether an arbitration agreement exists or whether a controversy is covered by it. The arbitrator decides whether a condition before arbitration has been met and whether the contract with the arbitration clause is enforceable. If a party challenges whether the clause applies, the arbitration can continue while the court decides the issue, unless the court orders otherwise.<\/p>\n<p>The American Arbitration Association describes arbitration as a private, legally binding option for international commercial disputes. You can read its overview at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.adr.org\/arbitration\/\">AAA arbitration<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Do choice-of-law and jurisdiction clauses matter?<\/h2>\n<p>Yes. These clauses decide which state&#8217;s law governs the deal and where a claim can be filed.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&amp;URL=0600-0699\/0685\/Sections\/0685.101.html\">Fla. Stat. \u00a7 685.101<\/a> allows the parties to a contract relating to a transaction involving in the aggregate not less than $250,000 to choose, to the extent permitted under the United States Constitution, the law of Florida to govern that contract, whether or not the contract bears any relation to Florida, subject to the exceptions listed in the statute. This applies to the extent the United States Constitution allows. The statute also lists contracts it does not cover, so the deal&#8217;s size and parties matter.<\/p>\n<p>Clause wording is important. A loose clause can lead to a fight over whether it applies at all. Many disputes start with a clause that nobody read closely until the money stopped moving.<\/p>\n<h2>What are the writing and notice rules for sales of goods?<\/h2>\n<p>Two Florida sale-of-goods rules trip up many business owners. The first is the writing rule. The second is the notice rule.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Writing.<\/strong> Under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&amp;URL=0600-0699\/0672\/Sections\/0672.201.html\">Fla. Stat. \u00a7 672.201<\/a>, a contract for the sale of goods priced at $500 or more is not enforceable in court unless there is a record showing a contract was made. The record must be signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought, or by that party&#8217;s authorized agent or broker. The statute has exceptions. For example, between merchants, a written confirmation can satisfy the rule if it is received within a reasonable time, is sufficient against the sender, and the receiving party has reason to know its contents, unless that party objects in a record within 10 days after receiving it.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Notice.<\/strong> Under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&amp;URL=0600-0699\/0672\/Sections\/0672.607.html\">Fla. Stat. \u00a7 672.607<\/a>, when a buyer has accepted goods, the buyer must notify the seller of a breach within a reasonable time after it discovers or should have discovered the breach. If the buyer does not give that notice, the statute bars the buyer from any remedy for that breach. A buyer that waits on a defective shipment can lose its claim this way.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"cta-dose-mid wp-block-group has-contrast-color has-surface-background-color has-text-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-32197852 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--surface,#f2f3f5);color:var(--wp--preset--color--contrast,#22252b);border-radius:8px;padding-top:1.5rem;padding-bottom:1.5rem;padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem;border-left:6px solid var(--wp--preset--color--cta,currentColor);box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.18)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-contrast-color has-text-color\">Not sure what your next step is?<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Talk it through with our team &#8212; we can walk you through how a situation like yours is usually handled and what your options are.<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\"><div class=\"wp-block-button chg-cta-call\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"tel:+13055702208\">Schedule a consultation<\/a><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-button chg-cta-form\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawayala.com\/contact\/\">Schedule a consultation<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>How long do you have to challenge an arbitration award?<\/h2>\n<p>Florida gives a short window to challenge an award. Under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&amp;URL=0600-0699\/0682\/Sections\/0682.13.html\">Fla. Stat. \u00a7 682.13<\/a>, a court must vacate an arbitration award on a party&#8217;s motion if a listed ground applies. The listed grounds include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The award was procured by corruption, fraud or other undue means.<\/li>\n<li>A neutral arbitrator showed evident partiality.<\/li>\n<li>The arbitrator exceeded the arbitrator&#8217;s powers.<\/li>\n<li>There was no agreement to arbitrate, with the limits the statute sets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The timing rule is strict. Under the same statute, a motion to vacate must generally be filed within 90 days after the movant receives notice of the award. If the motion is based on fraud or other undue means, the 90 days run from when the ground is known, or would have been known with reasonable care.<\/p>\n<h2>Is mediation a step before litigation?<\/h2>\n<p>Mediation can be a step before or during a cross-border dispute. The American Arbitration Association&#8217;s mediation resources say mediation can resolve cross-border commercial disputes that involve international contracts, trade agreements and multiple jurisdictions. See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.adr.org\/mediation\/\">AAA mediation<\/a> for the institution&#8217;s description of the process.<\/p>\n<p>Mediation does not replace the contract&#8217;s forum clause. A party still needs to know which forum applies if talks fail. That is why the dispute-resolution clause should be reviewed early.<\/p>\n<h2>Where does Ayala Law PA serve clients?<\/h2>\n<p>Ayala Law PA&#8217;s only office is at 1646 W Snow Ave, Tampa, Florida. The firm represents businesses in Tampa, Hillsborough County, Brandon, Riverview, Plant City, Temple Terrace and the wider Tampa Bay area, working from its Tampa office. The firm has its office in Tampa.<\/p>\n<p>Cross-border claims often sit beside domestic ones. A business may have a foreign buyer dispute and a local contract or real estate issue at the same time. The firm&#8217;s related practice areas include business litigation, commercial litigation, contract disputes, shareholder disputes, construction litigation and real estate litigation.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lawayala.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/construction-site-at-dawn-with-a-safety-inspector-in-a-hard-photo.jpg\" alt=\"Construction site at dawn with a safety inspector in a hard hat checking a logbook beside a fenced-off scaffold and a tagged-out crane.\" style=\"border-radius:8px;width:100%;aspect-ratio:16\/9;object-fit:cover\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2>Frequently asked questions<\/h2><details class=\"wp-block-details chg-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>What is international trade litigation?<\/summary><p>It is a court or arbitration dispute over a commercial deal with a foreign party or a cross-border shipment or payment. Examples include unpaid invoices and broken distribution agreements.<\/p><\/details><details class=\"wp-block-details chg-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Can a foreign company be sued in Florida?<\/summary><p>Florida&#8217;s long-arm statute can reach a defendant that operates a business in Florida or breaches a Florida contract. The result depends on the contract and the facts. Under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&amp;URL=0000-0099\/0048\/Sections\/0048.193.html\">Fla. Stat. \u00a7 48.193<\/a>, a person who operates or conducts a business in Florida, or has an office or agency here, submits to the jurisdiction of Florida courts for causes of action arising from those acts.<\/p><\/details><details class=\"wp-block-details chg-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Can parties choose Florida law for an international contract?<\/summary><p>Under Florida law, parties to a contract involving at least $250,000 in the aggregate may agree that Florida law governs. The statute has limits and exclusions.<\/p><\/details><details class=\"wp-block-details chg-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Is an arbitration clause in an international sales contract enforceable?<\/summary><p>A written arbitration clause in a maritime transaction or a contract involving commerce is generally valid and enforceable.<\/p><\/details><details class=\"wp-block-details chg-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>How long do I have to challenge an arbitration award in Florida?<\/summary><p>A motion to vacate generally must be filed within 90 days after notice of the award. Fraud-based challenges run from when the ground is known or should have been known.<\/p><\/details><details class=\"wp-block-details chg-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Do I have to give notice to a seller about defective goods?<\/summary><p>Yes, after accepting goods, a buyer must notify the seller of a breach within a reasonable time after he or she discovers or should have discovered the breach. Otherwise the buyer may be barred from that remedy under Florida&#8217;s sale-of-goods rules. Otherwise the buyer may be barred from that remedy under Florida&#8217;s sale-of-goods rules.<\/p>\n<p>If a foreign buyer has stopped paying, or a cross-border contract has broken down, you may have a claim worth reviewing. Contact Ayala Law PA through <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawayala.com\/contact\/\">our contact page<\/a> or call (305) 570-2208 to talk through your dispute.<\/p><\/details><\/article>\n<footer class=\"disclaimer\"><em>Attorney advertising. The information on this page is for general informational purposes only and is not legal advice; reading it does not create an attorney-client relationship with Ayala Law PA. Prior results do not guarantee a similar outcome. Ayala Law PA, 1646 W Snow Ave, Tampa, FL 33606.<\/em><\/footer>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-583d630a wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:3rem;padding-bottom:3rem;padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">How We Approach Trade Disputes<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f56f613f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\"><div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span class=\"chg-icon chg-icon--lightbulb\"><\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Plain-Language Guidance<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We explain the contract terms, shipping documents, and payment records that matter, so you understand your position before choosing a path forward.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span class=\"chg-icon chg-icon--shield\"><\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Protecting Your Business<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We look at how to preserve evidence, enforce payment obligations, and limit the disruption a foreign dispute can cause to your operations.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span class=\"chg-icon chg-icon--document\"><\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Court and Arbitration Experience<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our work covers Florida courts and arbitration proceedings, including disputes where the other party is located outside the United States.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span class=\"chg-icon chg-icon--chat\"><\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Clear Communication<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our team keeps you informed at each stage and responds to questions about strategy, timing, and expected next steps.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-contrast-color has-surface-background-color has-text-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-32197852 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--surface,#f2f3f5);color:var(--wp--preset--color--contrast,#22252b);border-radius:8px;padding-top:1.5rem;padding-bottom:1.5rem;padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem;border-left:6px solid var(--wp--preset--color--cta,currentColor);box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.18)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-contrast-color has-text-color\">Do Not Wait to Get Advice<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A demand letter, a notice of breach, or a stopped shipment can quickly affect your cash flow and customer relationships. Gather your contracts, purchase orders, invoices, and correspondence now, and contact counsel early so that your options stay open.<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\"><div class=\"wp-block-button chg-cta-call\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"tel:+13055702208\">Call (305) 570-2208<\/a><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-button chg-cta-form\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawayala.com\/contact\/\">Call (305) 570-2208<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-surface-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-583d630a wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:3rem;padding-bottom:3rem;padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Common International Trade Disputes We Handle<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f56f613f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\"><div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-group has-base-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-radius:8px;box-shadow:0 4px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);padding-top:1.5rem;padding-bottom:1.5rem;padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem\"><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Unpaid Foreign Invoices<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recovering payment from an overseas buyer or distributor when goods or services were delivered and the invoice remains unpaid.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-group has-base-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-radius:8px;box-shadow:0 4px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);padding-top:1.5rem;padding-bottom:1.5rem;padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem\"><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Distribution and Agency Agreements<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Disputes over exclusive territories, termination, commissions, and the obligations that foreign partners owe under written agreements.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-group has-base-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-radius:8px;box-shadow:0 4px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);padding-top:1.5rem;padding-bottom:1.5rem;padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem\"><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Shipment and Payment Disputes<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conflicts over delayed, damaged, or rejected cargo, letters of credit, and payment terms tied to cross-border transactions.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-group has-base-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-radius:8px;box-shadow:0 4px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);padding-top:1.5rem;padding-bottom:1.5rem;padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem\"><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Foreign Parties in Florida<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Evaluating whether a non-U.S. company doing business in Florida can be sued in a Florida court, and what that means for your claim.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-base-color has-primary-background-color has-text-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-4d466591 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--primary,#20242e);color:var(--wp--preset--color--base,#ffffff);padding-top:3rem;padding-bottom:3rem;padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color\">Talk With Ayala Law PA About Your International Trade Dispute<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-0aa01211 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\"><div class=\"wp-block-button chg-cta chg-cta-call\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"tel:+13055702208\">Call (305) 570-2208 or Book a Case Evaluation<\/a><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-button chg-cta chg-cta-form\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawayala.com\/contact\/\">Call (305) 570-2208 or Book a Case Evaluation<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- chg:section-index -->\n<nav aria-label=\"More in this section\">\n<h2>More in this section<\/h2>\n<ul><li><a href=\"\/resources\/international-trade-litigation-florida\/customs-duty-dispute-litigation-florida\/\">Customs Duty and Import Classification Litigation in Florida<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/resources\/international-trade-litigation-florida\/foreign-arbitration-award-enforcement-florida\/\">Enforcing a Foreign Arbitration Award in Florida Courts<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/resources\/international-trade-litigation-florida\/foreign-money-judgment-recognition-florida\/\">Recognizing a Foreign Money Judgment in Florida<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/resources\/international-trade-litigation-florida\/international-distributor-termination-dispute-florida\/\">International Distributor and Sales Agent Termination Disputes<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/resources\/international-trade-litigation-florida\/international-trade-disputes-tampa-hillsborough\/\">International Trade Dispute Lawyers Serving Tampa and Hillsborough County<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/resources\/international-trade-litigation-florida\/cbp-protest-filing-deadline\/\">How Long Do You Have to File a CBP Protest?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/resources\/international-trade-litigation-florida\/court-of-international-trade-customs-appeals\/\">Which Court Hears Customs Duty Appeals? Court of International Trade Explained<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/resources\/international-trade-litigation-florida\/cisg-applies-foreign-buyer-contract\/\">Does the CISG Apply to My Contract With a Foreign Buyer?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/resources\/international-trade-litigation-florida\/incoterms-dispute-risk-of-loss\/\">Incoterms Disputes: Who Bears the Loss in Transit?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/resources\/international-trade-litigation-florida\/serving-foreign-defendant-hague-service\/\">Serving a Foreign Defendant Under the Hague Service Convention<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n<!-- \/chg:section-index -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>International trade litigation in Florida: state court, federal court and arbitration, plus enforcement and sale-of-goods rules. Ayala Law PA, Miami office.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"chg_review":"{\"v\": 1, \"checked_at\": \"2026-10-10T11:10:42+00:00\", \"checked\": true, \"jurisdiction\": \"Florida\", \"claims\": [{\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0600-0699\/0672\/Sections\/0672.607.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 672.607\", \"heading\": \"Effect of acceptance; notice of breach; burden of establishing breach after acceptance; notice of claim or litigation to person answerable over.\", \"support\": \"The buyer must within a reasonable time after he or she discovers or should have discovered any breach notify the seller of breach or be barred from any remedy\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"\u2026 (3) Where a tender has been accepted: (a) The buyer must within a reasonable time after he or she discovers or should have discovered any breach notify the seller of breach or be barred from any remedy; and (b) If the claim is one for infringement or the like (s. 672.312(3)) and the buyer is sued as a result of such a breach he or she must so notify the seller within a reasonable time after he or she receives notice of the litigation or be barred from any remedy over for liability established by the litigation. \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"Under Fla. Stat. \u00a7 672.607, a buyer who accepts goods must notify the seller of a breach within a reasonable time, or be barred from any remedy.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0600-0699\/0682\/Sections\/0682.02.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 682.02\", \"heading\": \"Arbitration agreements made valid, irrevocable, and enforceable; scope.\", \"support\": \"is valid, enforceable, and irrevocable except upon a ground that exists at law or in equity for the revocation of a contract\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"(1) An agreement contained in a record to submit to arbitration any existing or subsequent controversy arising between the parties to the agreement is valid, enforceable, and irrevocable except upon a ground that exists at law or in equity for the revocation of a contract. (2) The court shall decide whether an agreement to arbitrate exists or a controversy is subject to an agreement to arbitrate. (3) An arbitrator shall decide whether a condition precedent to arbitrability has been fulfilled and whether a contract containing a valid agreement to arbitrate is enforceable. \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"If your contract has a written arbitration clause, Florida law treats it as valid, enforceable and irrevocable.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0600-0699\/0682\/Sections\/0682.02.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 682.02\", \"heading\": \"Arbitration agreements made valid, irrevocable, and enforceable; scope.\", \"support\": \"except upon a ground that exists at law or in equity for the revocation of a contract\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"(1) An agreement contained in a record to submit to arbitration any existing or subsequent controversy arising between the parties to the agreement is valid, enforceable, and irrevocable except upon a ground that exists at law or in equity for the revocation of a contract. (2) The court shall decide whether an agreement to arbitrate exists or a controversy is subject to an agreement to arbitrate. (3) An arbitrator shall decide whether a condition precedent to arbitrability has been fulfilled and whether a contract containing a valid agreement to arbitrate is enforceable. \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"The only exception is a ground that exists to revoke any contract.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0600-0699\/0682\/Sections\/0682.02.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 682.02\", \"heading\": \"Arbitration agreements made valid, irrevocable, and enforceable; scope.\", \"support\": \"The court shall decide whether an agreement to arbitrate exists\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"\u2026 (2) The court shall decide whether an agreement to arbitrate exists or a controversy is subject to an agreement to arbitrate. (3) An arbitrator shall decide whether a condition precedent to arbitrability has been fulfilled and whether a contract containing a valid agreement to arbitrate is enforceable. \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"A court decides whether an arbitration agreement exists.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0600-0699\/0682\/Sections\/0682.02.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 682.02\", \"heading\": \"Arbitration agreements made valid, irrevocable, and enforceable; scope.\", \"support\": \"An arbitrator shall decide whether a condition precedent to arbitrability has been fulfilled\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"\u2026 (2) The court shall decide whether an agreement to arbitrate exists or a controversy is subject to an agreement to arbitrate. (3) An arbitrator shall decide whether a condition precedent to arbitrability has been fulfilled and whether a contract containing a valid agreement to arbitrate is enforceable. (4) If a party to a judicial proceeding challenges the existence of, or claims that a controversy is not subject to, an agreement to arbitrate, the arbitration proceeding may continue pending final resolution of the issue by the court, unless the court otherwise orders. \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"An arbitrator decides certain threshold questions, such as whether conditions to arbitrating were met.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/9\/2\", \"cite\": \"9 U.S.C. \u00a7 2\", \"heading\": \"Validity, irrevocability, and enforcement of agreements to arbitrate\", \"support\": \"shall be valid, irrevocable, and enforceable\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"A written provision in any maritime transaction or a contract evidencing a transaction involving commerce to settle by arbitration a controversy thereafter arising out of such contract or transaction, or the refusal to perform the whole or any part thereof, or an agreement in writing to submit to arbitration an existing controversy arising out of such a contract, transaction, or refusal, shall be valid, irrevocable, and enforceable, save upon such grounds as exist at law or in equity for the revocation of any contract or as otherwise provided in chapter 4. (July 30, 1947, ch. 392, 61 Stat. 670; Pub. L. 117\u201390, \u00a7 2(b)(1)(A), Mar. 3, 2022, 136 Stat. 27.)\", \"sentence\": \"Federal law follows a similar path.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/9\/4\", \"cite\": \"9 U.S.C. \u00a7 4\", \"heading\": \"Failure to arbitrate under agreement; petition to United States court having jurisdiction for order to compel arbitration; notice and service thereof; hearing and determination\", \"support\": \"Five days\u2019 notice in writing of such application shall be served upon the party in default.\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"\u2026 Five days\u2019 notice in writing of such application shall be served upon the party in default. Service thereof shall be made in the manner provided by the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"That request requires five days' written notice to the party in default.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0000-0099\/0048\/Sections\/0048.193.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 48.193\", \"heading\": \"Acts subjecting person to jurisdiction of courts of state.\", \"support\": \"A defendant who is engaged in substantial and not isolated activity within this state, whether such activity is wholly interstate, intrastate, or otherwise, is subject to the jurisdiction of the courts of this state\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"\u2026 (2) A defendant who is engaged in substantial and not isolated activity within this state, whether such activity is wholly interstate, intrastate, or otherwise, is subject to the jurisdiction of the courts of this state, whether or not the claim arises from that activity. (3) Service of process upon any person who is subject to the jurisdiction of the courts of this state as provided in this section may be made by personally serving the process upon the defendant outside this state, as provided in s. \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"Whether a Florida court can hear a case depends on jurisdiction.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0000-0099\/0048\/Sections\/0048.193.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 48.193\", \"heading\": \"Acts subjecting person to jurisdiction of courts of state.\", \"support\": \"thereby submits himself or herself and, if he or she is a natural person, his or her personal representative to the jurisdiction of the courts of this state\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"(1)(a) A person, whether or not a citizen or resident of this state, who personally or through an agent does any of the acts enumerated in this subsection thereby submits himself or herself and, if he or she is a natural person, his or her personal representative to the jurisdiction of the courts of this state for any cause of action arising from any of the following acts: 1. Operating, conducting, engaging in, or carrying on a business or business venture in this state or having an office or agency in this state. 2. Committing a tortious act within this state. 3. \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 48.193 lists acts that bring a person under Florida court authority.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0000-0099\/0048\/Sections\/0048.193.html\", \"also\": [{\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0000-0099\/0048\/Sections\/0048.193.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 48.193\", \"heading\": \"Acts subjecting person to jurisdiction of courts of state.\", \"support\": \"Breaching a contract in this state by failing to perform acts required by the contract to be performed in this state.\", \"law_text\": \"\u2026 a. The defendant was engaged in solicitation or service activities within this state; or b. Products, materials, or things processed, serviced, or manufactured by the defendant anywhere were used or consumed within this state in the ordinary course of commerce, trade, or use. 7. Breaching a contract in this state by failing to perform acts required by the contract to be performed in this state. 8. With respect to a proceeding for paternity, engaging in the act of sexual intercourse within this state with respect to which a child may have been conceived. 9. Entering into a contract that complies with s. 685.102. \u2026\"}], \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 48.193\", \"heading\": \"Acts subjecting person to jurisdiction of courts of state.\", \"support\": \"Operating, conducting, engaging in, or carrying on a business or business venture in this state\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"\u2026 1. Operating, conducting, engaging in, or carrying on a business or business venture in this state or having an office or agency in this state. 2. Committing a tortious act within this state. 3. Owning, using, possessing, or holding a mortgage or other lien on any real property within this state. 4. Contracting to insure a person, property, or risk located within this state at the time of contracting. 5. \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"Examples include operating a business in Florida and failing to perform a contract that required performance here.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0600-0699\/0685\/Sections\/0685.101.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 685.101\", \"heading\": \"Choice of law.\", \"support\": \"may, to the extent permitted under the United States Constitution, agree that the law of this state will govern such contract, agreement, or undertaking\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"\u2026 671.105(1), may, to the extent permitted under the United States Constitution, agree that the law of this state will govern such contract, agreement, or undertaking, the effect thereof and their rights and duties thereunder, in whole or in part, whether or not such contract, agreement, or undertaking bears any relation to this state. (2) This section does not apply to any contract, agreement, or undertaking: \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"Florida lets parties choose Florida law in some international contracts.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0600-0699\/0685\/Sections\/0685.101.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 685.101\", \"heading\": \"Choice of law.\", \"support\": \"may, to the extent permitted under the United States Constitution, agree that the law of this state will govern such contract, agreement, or undertaking\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"\u2026 671.105(1), may, to the extent permitted under the United States Constitution, agree that the law of this state will govern such contract, agreement, or undertaking, the effect thereof and their rights and duties thereunder, in whole or in part, whether or not such contract, agreement, or undertaking bears any relation to this state. (2) This section does not apply to any contract, agreement, or undertaking: \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"In some commercial contracts, the parties may agree that Florida law will govern their agreement, subject to the requirements Florida law sets for that choice.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0600-0699\/0685\/Sections\/0685.101.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 685.101\", \"heading\": \"Choice of law.\", \"support\": \"whether or not such contract, agreement, or undertaking bears any relation to this state\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"\u2026 671.105(1), may, to the extent permitted under the United States Constitution, agree that the law of this state will govern such contract, agreement, or undertaking, the effect thereof and their rights and duties thereunder, in whole or in part, whether or not such contract, agreement, or undertaking bears any relation to this state. (2) This section does not apply to any contract, agreement, or undertaking: (a) Regarding any transaction which does not bear a substantial or reasonable relation to this state in which every party is either or a combination of: 1. A resident and citizen of the United States, but not of this state; or 2. \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"The deal can have no other Florida connection, to the extent the U.S. Constitution permits.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0600-0699\/0685\/Sections\/0685.101.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 685.101\", \"heading\": \"Choice of law.\", \"support\": \"This section does not apply to any contract, agreement, or undertaking:\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"\u2026 671.105(1), may, to the extent permitted under the United States Constitution, agree that the law of this state will govern such contract, agreement, or undertaking, the effect thereof and their rights and duties thereunder, in whole or in part, whether or not such contract, agreement, or undertaking bears any relation to this state. (2) This section does not apply to any contract, agreement, or undertaking: (a) Regarding any transaction which does not bear a substantial or reasonable relation to this state in which every party is either or a combination of: 1. A resident and citizen of the United States, but not of this state; or 2. Incorporated or organized under the laws of another state and does not maintain a place of business in this state; \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"The statute has limits.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0600-0699\/0685\/Sections\/0685.101.html\", \"also\": [{\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0600-0699\/0685\/Sections\/0685.101.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 685.101\", \"heading\": \"Choice of law.\", \"support\": \"Relating to any transaction for personal, family, or household purposes\", \"law_text\": \"\u2026 1. A resident and citizen of the United States, but not of this state; or 2. Incorporated or organized under the laws of another state and does not maintain a place of business in this state; (b) For labor or employment; (c) Relating to any transaction for personal, family, or household purposes, unless such contract, agreement, or undertaking concerns a trust at least one trustee of which resides or transacts business as a trustee in this state, in which case this section applies; (d) To the extent provided to the contrary in s. 671.105(2); or (e) To the extent such contract, agreement, or undertaking is otherwise covered or affected by s. 655.55. \u2026\"}], \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 685.101\", \"heading\": \"Choice of law.\", \"support\": \"For labor or employment;\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"\u2026 (a) Regarding any transaction which does not bear a substantial or reasonable relation to this state in which every party is either or a combination of: 1. A resident and citizen of the United States, but not of this state; or 2. Incorporated or organized under the laws of another state and does not maintain a place of business in this state; (b) For labor or employment; (c) Relating to any transaction for personal, family, or household purposes, unless such contract, agreement, or undertaking concerns a trust at least one trustee of which resides or transacts business as a trustee in this state, in which case this section applies; (d) To the extent provided to the contrary in s. 671.105(2); \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"It excludes labor and employment contracts and personal or household transactions.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0600-0699\/0685\/Sections\/0685.101.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 685.101\", \"heading\": \"Choice of law.\", \"support\": \"Regarding any transaction which does not bear a substantial or reasonable relation to this state in which every party is either or a combination of\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"\u2026 (2) This section does not apply to any contract, agreement, or undertaking: (a) Regarding any transaction which does not bear a substantial or reasonable relation to this state in which every party is either or a combination of: 1. A resident and citizen of the United States, but not of this state; or 2. Incorporated or organized under the laws of another state and does not maintain a place of business in this state; (b) For labor or employment; \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"It also excludes deals with no substantial Florida connection where every party is a non-Florida resident or a non-Florida entity without a Florida place of business.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0600-0699\/0671\/Sections\/0671.105.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 671.105\", \"heading\": \"Territorial application of the code; parties\u2019 power to choose applicable law.\", \"support\": \"when a transaction bears a reasonable relation to this state and also to another state or nation\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"(1) Except as provided in this section, when a transaction bears a reasonable relation to this state and also to another state or nation, the parties may agree that the law either of this state or of such other state or nation will govern their rights and duties. Failing such agreement, this code applies to transactions bearing an appropriate relation to this state. (2) When one of the following provisions of this code specifies the applicable law, that provision governs; \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"Florida's commercial code, under \u00a7 671.105, works differently for deals with a reasonable relation to Florida and another place.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0600-0699\/0671\/Sections\/0671.105.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 671.105\", \"heading\": \"Territorial application of the code; parties\u2019 power to choose applicable law.\", \"support\": \"the parties may agree that the law either of this state or of such other state or nation will govern their rights and duties\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"(1) Except as provided in this section, when a transaction bears a reasonable relation to this state and also to another state or nation, the parties may agree that the law either of this state or of such other state or nation will govern their rights and duties. Failing such agreement, this code applies to transactions bearing an appropriate relation to this state. (2) When one of the following provisions of this code specifies the applicable law, that provision governs; \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"There, the parties may agree which law governs their rights and duties.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0600-0699\/0682\/Sections\/0682.13.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 682.13\", \"heading\": \"Vacating an award.\", \"support\": \"Upon motion of a party to an arbitration proceeding, the court shall vacate an arbitration award if:\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"(1) Upon motion of a party to an arbitration proceeding, the court shall vacate an arbitration award if: (a) The award was procured by corruption, fraud, or other undue means; (b) There was: 1. Evident partiality by an arbitrator appointed as a neutral arbitrator; 2. Corruption by an arbitrator; or 3. Misconduct by an arbitrator prejudicing the rights of a party to the arbitration proceeding; \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"If a case ends in arbitration, Florida law lets a party ask a court to vacate the award.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0600-0699\/0682\/Sections\/0682.13.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 682.13\", \"heading\": \"Vacating an award.\", \"support\": \"Upon motion of a party to an arbitration proceeding, the court shall vacate an arbitration award if:\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"(1) Upon motion of a party to an arbitration proceeding, the court shall vacate an arbitration award if: (a) The award was procured by corruption, fraud, or other undue means; (b) There was: 1. Evident partiality by an arbitrator appointed as a neutral arbitrator; 2. Corruption by an arbitrator; or 3. Misconduct by an arbitrator prejudicing the rights of a party to the arbitration proceeding; \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"Florida law allows a court to set aside an arbitration award only on narrow grounds.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0600-0699\/0682\/Sections\/0682.13.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 682.13\", \"heading\": \"Vacating an award.\", \"support\": \"A motion under this section must be filed within 90 days after the movant receives notice of the award\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"\u2026 682.06(3) not later than the beginning of the arbitration hearing; or (f) The arbitration was conducted without proper notice of the initiation of an arbitration as required in s. 682.032 so as to prejudice substantially the rights of a party to the arbitration proceeding. (2) A motion under this section must be filed within 90 days after the movant receives notice of the award pursuant to s. 682.09 or within 90 days after the movant receives notice of a modified or corrected award pursuant to s. \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"The motion generally must be filed within 90 days after you receive notice of the award.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0000-0099\/0055\/Sections\/0055.10.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 55.10\", \"heading\": \"Judgments, orders, and decrees; lien of all, generally; extension of liens; transfer of liens to other security.\", \"support\": \"A judgment, order, or decree becomes a lien on real property in any county when a certified copy of it is recorded in the official records or judgment lien record of the county\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"(1) A judgment, order, or decree becomes a lien on real property in any county when a certified copy of it is recorded in the official records or judgment lien record of the county, whichever is maintained at the time of recordation, provided that the judgment, order, or decree contains the address of the person who has a lien as a result of such judgment, order, or decree or a separate affidavit is recorded simultaneously with the judgment, order, or decree stating the address of the pe \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"Under Fla. Stat. \u00a7 55.10, a judgment becomes a lien on real property in a county when a certified copy is recorded there.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0000-0099\/0055\/Sections\/0055.10.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 55.10\", \"heading\": \"Judgments, orders, and decrees; lien of all, generally; extension of liens; transfer of liens to other security.\", \"support\": \"A judgment, order, or decree does not become a lien on real property unless the address of the person who has a lien as a result of such judgment, order, or decree is contained in the judgment, order, or decree or an affidavit with such address is simultaneously recorded with the judgment, order, or decree.\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"\u2026 A judgment, order, or decree does not become a lien on real property unless the address of the person who has a lien as a result of such judgment, order, or decree is contained in the judgment, order, or decree or an affidavit with such address is simultaneously recorded with the judgment, order, or decree. If the certified copy was first recorded in a county in accordance with this subsection between July 1, 1987, and June 30, 1994, then the judgment, order, or decree shall be a lien in that county for an initial period of 7 years from the date of \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"The recorded document must show the lienholder's address.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0000-0099\/0055\/Sections\/0055.10.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 55.10\", \"heading\": \"Judgments, orders, and decrees; lien of all, generally; extension of liens; transfer of liens to other security.\", \"support\": \"If the certified copy is first recorded in accordance with this subsection on or after July 1, 1994, then the judgment, order, or decree shall be a lien in that county for an initial period of 10 years from the date of the recording.\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"\u2026 If the certified copy was first recorded in a county in accordance with this subsection between July 1, 1987, and June 30, 1994, then the judgment, order, or decree shall be a lien in that county for an initial period of 7 years from the date of the recording. If the certified copy is first recorded in accordance with this subsection on or after July 1, 1994, then the judgment, order, or decree shall be a lien in that county for an initial period of 10 years from the date of the recording. (2) The lien provided for in subsection (1) or an extension of that lien as provided by this subsection may be extended for an additional period of 10 years, subject to the limitation in subsection (3), by rerecording a certified copy of the judgment, order, or decree prior to the \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"For copies first recorded on or after July 1, 1994, the lien lasts an initial 10 years.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0000-0099\/0095\/Sections\/0095.11.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 95.11\", \"heading\": \"Limitations other than for the recovery of real property.\", \"support\": \"Actions other than for recovery of real property shall be commenced as follows:\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"Actions other than for recovery of real property shall be commenced as follows: (1) WITHIN TWENTY YEARS.\u2014An action on a judgment or decree of a court of record in this state. (2) WITHIN FIVE YEARS.\u2014 (a) An action on a judgment or decree of any court, not of record, of this state or any court of the United States, any other state or territory in the United States, or a foreign country. \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 95.11 sorts those limits by category.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0000-0099\/0095\/Sections\/0095.03.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 95.03\", \"heading\": \"Contracts shortening time.\", \"support\": \"Any provision in a contract fixing the period of time within which an action arising out of the contract may be begun at a time less than that provided by the applicable statute of limitations is void.\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"Any provision in a contract fixing the period of time within which an action arising out of the contract may be begun at a time less than that provided by the applicable statute of limitations is void. History: ss. 1, 2, ch. 6465, 1913; RGS 2931; CGL 4651; s. 2, ch. 74-382.\", \"sentence\": \"A contract can't shorten that period.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0000-0099\/0095\/Sections\/0095.03.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 95.03\", \"heading\": \"Contracts shortening time.\", \"support\": \"Any provision in a contract fixing the period of time within which an action arising out of the contract may be begun at a time less than that provided by the applicable statute of limitations is void.\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"Any provision in a contract fixing the period of time within which an action arising out of the contract may be begun at a time less than that provided by the applicable statute of limitations is void. History: ss. 1, 2, ch. 6465, 1913; RGS 2931; CGL 4651; s. 2, ch. 74-382.\", \"sentence\": \"Under Fla. Stat. \u00a7 95.03, a contract term that sets a shorter time to sue than the statute allows is void.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0600-0699\/0672\/Sections\/0672.607.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 672.607\", \"heading\": \"Effect of acceptance; notice of breach; burden of establishing breach after acceptance; notice of claim or litigation to person answerable over.\", \"support\": \"The burden is on the buyer to establish any breach with respect to the goods accepted.\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"\u2026 and (b) If the claim is one for infringement or the like (s. 672.312(3)) and the buyer is sued as a result of such a breach he or she must so notify the seller within a reasonable time after he or she receives notice of the litigation or be barred from any remedy over for liability established by the litigation. (4) The burden is on the buyer to establish any breach with respect to the goods accepted. (5) Where the buyer is sued for breach of a warranty or other obligation for which his or her seller is answerable over: (a) The buyer may give his or her seller written notice of the litigation. \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"After accepting goods, the buyer must prove any breach, under \u00a7 672.607(4).\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0600-0699\/0672\/Sections\/0672.607.html\", \"also\": [{\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0600-0699\/0682\/Sections\/0682.13.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 682.13\", \"heading\": \"Vacating an award.\", \"support\": \"A motion under this section must be filed within 90 days after the movant receives notice of the award pursuant to s. 682.09\", \"law_text\": \"\u2026 682.06(3) not later than the beginning of the arbitration hearing; or (f) The arbitration was conducted without proper notice of the initiation of an arbitration as required in s. 682.032 so as to prejudice substantially the rights of a party to the arbitration proceeding. (2) A motion under this section must be filed within 90 days after the movant receives notice of the award pursuant to s. 682.09 or within 90 days after the movant receives notice of a modified or corrected award pursuant to s. \u2026\"}], \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 672.607\", \"heading\": \"Effect of acceptance; notice of breach; burden of establishing breach after acceptance; notice of claim or litigation to person answerable over.\", \"support\": \"The buyer must within a reasonable time after he or she discovers or should have discovered any breach notify the seller of breach or be barred from any remedy\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"\u2026 (3) Where a tender has been accepted: (a) The buyer must within a reasonable time after he or she discovers or should have discovered any breach notify the seller of breach or be barred from any remedy; and (b) If the claim is one for infringement or the like (s. 672.312(3)) and the buyer is sued as a result of such a breach he or she must so notify the seller within a reasonable time after he or she receives notice of the litigation or be barred from any remedy over for liability established by the litigation. \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"The notice duty and the 90-day window to challenge an award both run from specific events.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0000-0099\/0047\/Sections\/0047.011.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 47.011\", \"heading\": \"Where actions may be begun.\", \"support\": \"Actions shall be brought only in the county where the defendant resides, where the cause of action accrued, or where the property in litigation is located.\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"Actions shall be brought only in the county where the defendant resides, where the cause of action accrued, or where the property in litigation is located. This section shall not apply to actions against nonresidents. History: s. 7, Nov. 21, 1829; s. 1, ch. 3721, 1887; RS 998; GS 1383; RGS 2579; CGL 4219; s. 24, ch. 57-1; s. 12, ch. 63-572; s. 6, ch. 65-1; s. 3, ch. 67-254; s. 11, ch. 73-334. Note: Former s. 46.01.\", \"sentence\": \"Where a lawsuit can be filed depends on venue.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0000-0099\/0047\/Sections\/0047.011.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 47.011\", \"heading\": \"Where actions may be begun.\", \"support\": \"Actions shall be brought only in the county where the defendant resides, where the cause of action accrued, or where the property in litigation is located.\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"Actions shall be brought only in the county where the defendant resides, where the cause of action accrued, or where the property in litigation is located. This section shall not apply to actions against nonresidents. History: s. 7, Nov. 21, 1829; s. 1, ch. 3721, 1887; RS 998; GS 1383; RGS 2579; CGL 4219; s. 24, ch. 57-1; s. 12, ch. 63-572; s. 6, ch. 65-1; s. 3, ch. 67-254; s. 11, ch. 73-334. Note: Former s. 46.01.\", \"sentence\": \"Under Fla. Stat. \u00a7 47.011, an action is brought in the county where the defendant resides, where the cause of action accrued, or where the property in litigation is located.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0000-0099\/0047\/Sections\/0047.011.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 47.011\", \"heading\": \"Where actions may be begun.\", \"support\": \"This section shall not apply to actions against nonresidents.\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"Actions shall be brought only in the county where the defendant resides, where the cause of action accrued, or where the property in litigation is located. This section shall not apply to actions against nonresidents. History: s. 7, Nov. 21, 1829; s. 1, ch. 3721, 1887; RS 998; GS 1383; RGS 2579; CGL 4219; s. 24, ch. 57-1; s. 12, ch. 63-572; s. 6, ch. 65-1; s. 3, ch. 67-254; s. 11, ch. 73-334. Note: Former s. 46.01.\", \"sentence\": \"The rule doesn't apply to actions against nonresidents.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0000-0099\/0047\/Sections\/0047.011.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 47.011\", \"heading\": \"Where actions may be begun.\", \"support\": \"Actions shall be brought only in the county where the defendant resides, where the cause of action accrued, or where the property in litigation is located.\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"Actions shall be brought only in the county where the defendant resides, where the cause of action accrued, or where the property in litigation is located. This section shall not apply to actions against nonresidents. History: s. 7, Nov. 21, 1829; s. 1, ch. 3721, 1887; RS 998; GS 1383; RGS 2579; CGL 4219; s. 24, ch. 57-1; s. 12, ch. 63-572; s. 6, ch. 65-1; s. 3, ch. 67-254; s. 11, ch. 73-334. Note: Former s. 46.01.\", \"sentence\": \"A Tampa-area dispute may belong in Hillsborough County even though the firm's office is in Miami.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0000-0099\/0048\/Sections\/0048.193.html\", \"also\": [{\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0000-0099\/0048\/Sections\/0048.193.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 48.193\", \"heading\": \"Acts subjecting person to jurisdiction of courts of state.\", \"support\": \"Breaching a contract in this state by failing to perform acts required by the contract to be performed in this state.\", \"law_text\": \"\u2026 a. The defendant was engaged in solicitation or service activities within this state; or b. Products, materials, or things processed, serviced, or manufactured by the defendant anywhere were used or consumed within this state in the ordinary course of commerce, trade, or use. 7. Breaching a contract in this state by failing to perform acts required by the contract to be performed in this state. 8. With respect to a proceeding for paternity, engaging in the act of sexual intercourse within this state with respect to which a child may have been conceived. 9. Entering into a contract that complies with s. 685.102. \u2026\"}], \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 48.193\", \"heading\": \"Acts subjecting person to jurisdiction of courts of state.\", \"support\": \"Operating, conducting, engaging in, or carrying on a business or business venture in this state\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"\u2026 1. Operating, conducting, engaging in, or carrying on a business or business venture in this state or having an office or agency in this state. 2. Committing a tortious act within this state. 3. Owning, using, possessing, or holding a mortgage or other lien on any real property within this state. 4. Contracting to insure a person, property, or risk located within this state at the time of contracting. 5. \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"Florida courts can reach a non-resident who does business here or breaches a contract that required performance in Florida.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0600-0699\/0682\/Sections\/0682.02.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 682.02\", \"heading\": \"Arbitration agreements made valid, irrevocable, and enforceable; scope.\", \"support\": \"is valid, enforceable, and irrevocable except upon a ground that exists at law or in equity for the revocation of a contract.\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"(1) An agreement contained in a record to submit to arbitration any existing or subsequent controversy arising between the parties to the agreement is valid, enforceable, and irrevocable except upon a ground that exists at law or in equity for the revocation of a contract. (2) The court shall decide whether an agreement to arbitrate exists or a controversy is subject to an agreement to arbitrate. (3) An arbitrator shall decide whether a condition precedent to arbitrability has been fulfilled and whether a contract containing a valid agreement to arbitrate is enforceable. \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"Florida law treats a written arbitration agreement as valid and enforceable, unless a ground exists to revoke any contract.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0600-0699\/0682\/Sections\/0682.13.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 682.13\", \"heading\": \"Vacating an award.\", \"support\": \"A motion under this section must be filed within 90 days after the movant receives notice of the award pursuant to s. 682.09\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"\u2026 682.06(3) not later than the beginning of the arbitration hearing; or (f) The arbitration was conducted without proper notice of the initiation of an arbitration as required in s. 682.032 so as to prejudice substantially the rights of a party to the arbitration proceeding. (2) A motion under this section must be filed within 90 days after the movant receives notice of the award pursuant to s. 682.09 or within 90 days after the movant receives notice of a modified or corrected award pursuant to s. \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"Under Florida law, a motion to vacate generally must be filed within 90 days after you receive notice of the award.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0000-0099\/0055\/Sections\/0055.10.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 55.10\", \"heading\": \"Judgments, orders, and decrees; lien of all, generally; extension of liens; transfer of liens to other security.\", \"support\": \"A judgment, order, or decree becomes a lien on real property in any county when a certified copy of it is recorded in the official records or judgment lien record of the county\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"(1) A judgment, order, or decree becomes a lien on real property in any county when a certified copy of it is recorded in the official records or judgment lien record of the county, whichever is maintained at the time of recordation, provided that the judgment, order, or decree contains the address of the person who has a lien as a result of such judgment, order, or decree or a separate affidavit is recorded simultaneously with the judgment, order, or decree stating the address of the pe \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"Once a certified copy is recorded in the county with the lienholder's address, the judgment can become a lien on real property.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0600-0699\/0685\/Sections\/0685.101.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 685.101\", \"heading\": \"Choice of law.\", \"support\": \"may, to the extent permitted under the United States Constitution, agree that the law of this state will govern such contract, agreement, or undertaking\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"\u2026 671.105(1), may, to the extent permitted under the United States Constitution, agree that the law of this state will govern such contract, agreement, or undertaking, the effect thereof and their rights and duties thereunder, in whole or in part, whether or not such contract, agreement, or undertaking bears any relation to this state. (2) This section does not apply to any contract, agreement, or undertaking: \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"Whether it can depends on the contract and on the requirements Florida law sets for that kind of choice.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/statutes\/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0600-0699\/0685\/Sections\/0685.101.html\", \"cite\": \"Fla. Stat. \u00a7 685.101\", \"heading\": \"Choice of law.\", \"support\": \"This section does not apply to any contract, agreement, or undertaking:\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"\u2026 671.105(1), may, to the extent permitted under the United States Constitution, agree that the law of this state will govern such contract, agreement, or undertaking, the effect thereof and their rights and duties thereunder, in whole or in part, whether or not such contract, agreement, or undertaking bears any relation to this state. (2) This section does not apply to any contract, agreement, or undertaking: (a) Regarding any transaction which does not bear a substantial or reasonable relation to this state in which every party is either or a combination of: 1. A resident and citizen of the United States, but not of this state; or 2. Incorporated or organized under the laws of another state and does not maintain a place of business in this state; \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"The statute excludes several types of deals, so the contract's terms and facts matter.\"}, {\"url\": \"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/9\/4\", \"cite\": \"9 U.S.C. \u00a7 4\", \"heading\": \"Failure to arbitrate under agreement; petition to United States court having jurisdiction for order to compel arbitration; notice and service thereof; hearing and determination\", \"support\": \"A party aggrieved by the alleged failure, neglect, or refusal of another to arbitrate under a written agreement for arbitration may petition any United States district court which, save for such agreement, would have jurisdiction under title 28, in a civil action or in admiralty of the subject matter of a suit arising out of the controversy between the parties, for an order directing that such arbitration proceed in the manner provided for in such agreement.\", \"verdict\": \"supported\", \"law_text\": \"A party aggrieved by the alleged failure, neglect, or refusal of another to arbitrate under a written agreement for arbitration may petition any United States district court which, save for such agreement, would have jurisdiction under title 28, in a civil action or in admiralty of the subject matter of a suit arising out of the controversy between the parties, for an order directing that such arbitration proceed in the manner provided for in such agreement. Five days\u2019 notice in writing of such application shall be served upon the party in default. \u2026\", \"sentence\": \"Under federal arbitration law, a party aggrieved by another party's failure, neglect, or refusal to arbitrate under a written agreement for arbitration may petition a United States district court that would otherwise have jurisdiction for an order directing that the arbitration proceed in the manner provided for in the agreement.\"}], \"languages\": [{\"code\": \"en\", \"post_id\": 27}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"post_id\": 28}]}","chg_sendback":"{\"reason\":\"Review 2026-10-15 (sent back by the operator's agent): A genuinely new topic. Pre-check 0.81 vs \"Commercial Contract Litigation\" dismissed. The choice-of-law paraphrase of u00a7 685.101 is wrong: \"The deal can have no other Florida connection\". The citation is stripped, the $250,000 threshold is missing, and the next sentence contradicts it. C. The firm's office is 1646 W Snow Ave, Tampa, FL 33606 (operator, 2026-10-15). Remove every statement that the firm is based in Miami, has its only office at 2490 Coral Way in Miami, or does not have an office in Tampa. Keep ONE call-to-action block; remove the repeated ones.\",\"at\":\"2026-10-15T16:39:41+00:00\",\"state\":\"pending\"}","chg_canonical":"","chg_lang":"","chg_hreflang":"[]","chg_jsonld":"[{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"speakable\": {\"@type\": \"SpeakableSpecification\", \"cssSelector\": [\"article > p:first-of-type\", \".wp-block-details p\", \"article > h1\"]}, \"author\": {\"@type\": \"Person\", \"name\": \"Eduardo A. Maura\", \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.lawayala.com\/eduardo-a-maura\/\", \"jobTitle\": \"Attorney\"}, \"publisher\": {\"@type\": \"Organization\", \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.lawayala.com\/resources\/#organization\", \"name\": \"Ayala Law PA\", \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.lawayala.com\/\"}, \"reviewedBy\": {\"@type\": \"Person\", \"name\": \"Eduardo A. Maura\", \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.lawayala.com\/eduardo-a-maura\/\", \"jobTitle\": \"Attorney\"}, \"inLanguage\": \"en\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is international trade litigation?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It is a court or arbitration dispute over a commercial deal with a foreign party or a cross-border shipment or payment. Examples include unpaid invoices and broken distribution agreements.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a foreign company be sued in Florida?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Florida\u2019s long-arm statute can reach a defendant that operates a business in Florida or breaches a Florida contract. The result depends on the contract and the facts. Under Fla. Stat. \u00a7 48.193, a person who operates or conducts a business in Florida, or has an office or agency here, submits to the jurisdiction of Florida courts for causes of action arising from those acts.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can parties choose Florida law for an international contract?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Under Florida law, parties to a contract involving at least $250,000 in the aggregate may agree that Florida law governs. The statute has limits and exclusions.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is an arbitration clause in an international sales contract enforceable?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A written arbitration clause in a maritime transaction or a contract involving commerce is generally valid and enforceable.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How long do I have to challenge an arbitration award in Florida?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A motion to vacate generally must be filed within 90 days after notice of the award. Fraud-based challenges run from when the ground is known or should have been known.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Do I have to give notice to a seller about defective goods?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, after accepting goods, a buyer must notify the seller of a breach within a reasonable time after he or she discovers or should have discovered the breach. Otherwise the buyer may be barred from that remedy under Florida\u2019s sale-of-goods rules. Otherwise the buyer may be barred from that remedy under Florida\u2019s sale-of-goods rules. If a foreign buyer has stopped paying, or a cross-border contract has broken down, you may have a claim worth reviewing. Contact Ayala Law PA through our contact page or call (305) 570-2208 to talk through your dispute.\"}}], \"@type\": [\"Article\", \"FAQPage\"], \"image\": \"https:\/\/www.lawayala.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/a-sealed-shipping-container-with-numbered-customs-seal-tags-photo.jpg\", \"headline\": \"Resolving Cross-Border Business Disputes in Florida Courts and Arbitration\", \"about\": [{\"@type\": \"Thing\", \"name\": \"Shareholder\", \"sameAs\": \"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shareholder\"}, {\"@type\": \"Thing\", \"name\": \"Contract\", \"sameAs\": \"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Contract\"}], \"mentions\": [{\"@type\": \"Thing\", \"name\": \"Fraud\", \"sameAs\": \"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fraud\"}, {\"@type\": \"Thing\", \"name\": \"Arbitration\", \"sameAs\": \"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arbitration\"}, {\"@type\": \"Thing\", \"name\": \"Mediation\", \"sameAs\": \"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mediation\"}, {\"@type\": \"Thing\", \"name\": \"Lawsuit\", \"sameAs\": \"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lawsuit\"}]}, {\"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.lawayala.com\/international-trade-litigation-florida\/#webpage\", \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.lawayala.com\/international-trade-litigation-florida\/\", \"name\": \"International Trade Litigation in Florida | Ayala Law PA\", \"@type\": \"WebPage\", \"about\": {\"name\": \"International trade litigation\", \"@type\": \"Thing\"}, \"author\": {\"@type\": \"Person\", \"name\": \"Eduardo A. 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Examples include unpaid invoices and broken distribution agreements.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a foreign company be sued in Florida?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Florida\u2019s long-arm statute can reach a defendant that operates a business in Florida or breaches a Florida contract. The result depends on the contract and the facts. Under Fla. Stat. \u00a7 48.193, a person who operates or conducts a business in Florida, or has an office or agency here, submits to the jurisdiction of Florida courts for causes of action arising from those acts.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can parties choose Florida law for an international contract?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Under Florida law, parties to a contract involving at least $250,000 in the aggregate may agree that Florida law governs. 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